Approaching belonging as both a complex feeling and a dynamic process, research connected to the cluster studies its different political, social, cultural and affective meanings, and includes enquiries into collective organization, formal and informal attachments, different modes of ’othering’ and exclusion as well as discourses of identity. It does so across different geographical, social and temporal scales: research in this cluster examines how identities change over time, compares modes of belonging transnationally, attends to processes of transfer, mobility and exchange, and takes stock of the various challenges posed by topical social issues connected to belonging and identity, such as migration, nationalism, religion, heritage, etc.